Glossary
Technical terms explained in plain English with relatable analogies. No jargon, no confusion.
Terminal
Terminal & Command Line
Texting your computer instead of using a touchscreen. Faster once you know the language, but you need to know what to say
CLI (Command Line Interface)
Terminal & Command Line
The drive-thru vs. walking into the restaurant. You speak your order instead of pointing at the menu
Command
Terminal & Command Line
A text message to your computer — short, specific, expects a response
Flag / Option
Terminal & Command Line
Ordering a burger "with no onions" — the burger is the command, "no onions" is the flag
Path
Terminal & Command Line
A street address for files. `/Users/yourname/Documents/project` tells the computer exactly where to look
Directory
Terminal & Command Line
Just a folder. Developers say "directory" because they like to sound fancy
Root
Terminal & Command Line
The lobby of a building — everything else is inside it or accessible from it
Home Directory
Terminal & Command Line
Your apartment in the building. Other users have their own apartments
Dotfile
Files & Configuration
Secret notes you keep in a drawer. They're there, but you have to know to look for them
.env
Files & Configuration
A sticky note with passwords and settings you keep in your desk drawer — never in a shared folder
.env.local
Files & Configuration
Your personal sticky note that never leaves your desk, even if you share the project with others
.gitignore
Files & Configuration
A "do not pack" list for your suitcase — these items stay home no matter what
CLAUDE.md
Files & Configuration
A briefing document you give to a new team member so they understand how things work here
README.md
Files & Configuration
The instruction manual that comes with furniture — ideally you read it first
Markdown
Files & Configuration
Writing with shortcuts — `#` means "make this big", `-` means "bullet point"
package.json
Files & Configuration
The ingredient list and recipe card for your project — what you need and how to make it
node_modules
Files & Configuration
The pantry where all your ingredients are stored after you buy them
Git
Git & Version Control
Track Changes in Microsoft Word, but for your entire project, and you control when to save checkpoints
GitHub
Git & Version Control
Google Drive for code — your files exist locally, but GitHub is where you back them up and share them
Repository (Repo)
Git & Version Control
A folder with a detailed diary of every change ever made to it
Commit
Git & Version Control
A save point in a video game — you can always go back to it if things go wrong
Commit Message
Git & Version Control
A sticky note on your save point explaining what you did
Branch
Git & Version Control
A parallel universe where you can experiment. If you like the results, you can merge it back into reality
Main (or Master)
Git & Version Control
The published version of a book. Other branches are drafts being edited
Merge
Git & Version Control
Taking the edits from your draft and incorporating them into the published version
Pull Request (PR)
Git & Version Control
Submitting your draft for editorial review before it gets published
Clone
Git & Version Control
Downloading a Google Doc so you can edit it offline
Push
Git & Version Control
Syncing your offline changes back to Google Drive
Pull
Git & Version Control
Refreshing your offline copy to get everyone else's latest edits
Fork
Git & Version Control
Photocopying someone's recipe so you can modify it without changing their original
Staging
Git & Version Control
Putting items in your shopping cart before checkout — they're selected but not purchased yet
Diff
Git & Version Control
A "track changes" view showing exactly what was added, removed, or modified
API (Application Programming Interface)
APIs & Data
A waiter at a restaurant — you tell them what you want (request), they bring it from the kitchen (response)
API Key
APIs & Data
A VIP pass that tells the bouncer who you are and what you're allowed to do
Request
APIs & Data
Placing an order with the waiter
Response
APIs & Data
The food the waiter brings back from the kitchen
Endpoint
APIs & Data
Different counters at a food court — each one serves different things
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
APIs & Data
A standardized form everyone agreed to use — like a shipping label with specific fields in specific places
Webhook
APIs & Data
A doorbell — when someone arrives (event happens), it automatically rings (sends notification)
REST API
APIs & Data
A library system — you request books (resources) using card numbers (URLs) and specific actions (GET to read, POST to add)
Authentication
APIs & Data
Showing your ID at the door
Rate Limiting
APIs & Data
A "one per customer" limit — prevents anyone from taking everything
Database
APIs & Data
A giant spreadsheet that multiple applications can read from and write to simultaneously
Query
APIs & Data
Asking the librarian for "all books by Stephen King published after 2010"
AI Gateway
APIs & Data
A universal remote for AI models — one interface to control many different services
Protocol / Standard
APIs & Data
Like traffic laws — everyone agrees to drive on the same side of the road so things work smoothly
Localhost
Deployment & Environments
A restaurant that only you can eat at — it's fully functional but not open to the public
Development Environment
Deployment & Environments
Your test kitchen — you can make mistakes, experiment, and no customers will see
Staging Environment
Deployment & Environments
A dress rehearsal — everything is real except the audience
Production Environment
Deployment & Environments
The restaurant is open — real customers, real orders, real consequences
Deploy
Deployment & Environments
Moving from your test kitchen to opening night — the code goes from your computer to the internet
Build
Deployment & Environments
Preparing all your ingredients into ready-to-serve dishes before opening
Hosting
Deployment & Environments
Renting a storefront for your restaurant — they provide the space, electricity, and address
Domain
Deployment & Environments
Your restaurant's street address — easier to remember than GPS coordinates
DNS (Domain Name System)
Deployment & Environments
A phone book that converts names to phone numbers
SSL/HTTPS
Deployment & Environments
A sealed envelope vs. a postcard — HTTPS means the contents are private
CDN (Content Delivery Network)
Deployment & Environments
Having franchise locations everywhere so customers don't have to drive across the country
CI/CD (Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment)
Deployment & Environments
A conveyor belt from your kitchen to the dining room — when you put something on the belt, it automatically gets delivered
Docker Desktop
Deployment & Environments
Like having multiple separate computers inside your computer, each with their own setup
Port
Deployment & Environments
Like apartment numbers in a building — 3000, 8080, 5000 are different "doors" for different programs
Package
Package Management
A pre-made sauce you buy instead of making from scratch
Dependency
Package Management
An ingredient your recipe requires — if it's missing, the dish won't work
npm (Node Package Manager)
Package Management
A grocery store for JavaScript code — you tell it what you need, it gets it for you
npx
Package Management
A rental car — use it once without buying it
Installing Globally (-g)
Package Management
Buying a kitchen appliance for your home vs. renting it for one recipe
Installing Locally
Package Management
Buying an ingredient just for tonight's dinner
Lock File (package-lock.json)
Package Management
A shopping receipt that lists exactly what you bought and from where
Framework
Next.js & React
A food truck that comes with the kitchen already set up — you just add your recipes
Component
Next.js & React
LEGO blocks — each one is self-contained, and you combine them to build something bigger
Props
Next.js & React
Instructions given when you delegate a task — "here's what you need to know"
State
Next.js & React
The current mood of your restaurant — busy, slow, sold out — and the sign you flip accordingly
Server-Side Rendering (SSR)
Next.js & React
Cooking the meal in the kitchen before bringing it to the table, rather than cooking at the table
Client-Side Rendering (CSR)
Next.js & React
Cooking the meal at the table — the diner waits while you prepare
Static Generation
Next.js & React
Meal prepping on Sunday for the whole week — ready to go when needed
API Route
Next.js & React
A waiter who can also cook — handles the request and prepares the response
Middleware
Next.js & React
The maitre d' who checks reservations before seating you
Tailwind CSS
Next.js & React
A box of pre-labeled styling stickers — instead of writing custom CSS, you stick on `text-blue-500`
Vite
Next.js & React
A racing pit crew for your website — gets everything running and refreshing instantly
Secrets
Security & Best Practices
The combination to your safe — share it and you lose everything
Environment Variables
Security & Best Practices
Settings you adjust depending on location — your home thermostat vs. the office
Leaking Secrets
Security & Best Practices
Leaving the safe combination on a sticky note in a public place
Token
Security & Best Practices
A wristband at a concert — proves you paid without showing your credit card every time
OAuth
Security & Best Practices
Using your driver's license to prove your age instead of showing your birth certificate
Row Level Security (RLS)
Security & Best Practices
Each person can only see their own files in a shared filing cabinet
Checkpoint
Claude Code
A save point in a video game — experiment freely, roll back if needed
Context
Claude Code
Everything you've told your assistant so far — they remember and build on it
Custom Commands
Claude Code
Teaching your assistant shortcuts — say "morning routine" and they know what to do